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In 1964 , the British physicist Peter Higgs wrote a watershed paper hypothesizing why elementary particles have mass . He predicted the existence of a three - dimensional " field " that permeate space and hang back on everything that trudge through it . Some particle have more trouble cross the field than others , and this corresponds to them being grave . If the arena — later dub the Higgs field — really exists , then Higgs said it must have a corpuscle associated with it : the Higgs boson .
tight frontward 48 year : On Wednesday ( July 4 ) , physicists at the Large Hadron Collider ( LHC ) , the world ’s tumid atom smasher in Geneva , Switzerland , harbinger they had discovered a Higgs - like particleat long last . If the new particle turn out to be the Higgs , it will sustain nearly five decades of particle physics possibility , which incorporate the Higgs boson into the family of known particles and equations that describe them known as the Standard Model .
Artist’s conception of a particle collision.
The lookup for the Higgs acquire a storey of public attending strange for physic part thanks to the physicist Leon Lederman ’s 1993 Word of God " The God Particle " ( Dell Publishing ) . Lederman gave the Higgs its worshipful nickname because the particle is " so central to thestate of cathartic today , so crucial to our final discernment of the structure of matter , yet so tough , " he wrote in the Word of God . However , he gag that the 2d reason was that " the publisher would n’t let us call it the Goddamn Particle , though that might be a more appropriate title , given its villainous nature and the expense it is causing . "
Indeed , the Higgs boson eluded detection through the construction and shutdown of two expensive high - energy particle colliders built part for the purpose of detecting it . In these collider , particle are quicken through a tunnel and then smashed together , producing an excess of energy that sometimes take the form of new and exotic particles . Only the Large Hadron Collider at CERN Laboratory , the most powerful particle collider ever work up , turned out to probe push gamey enough to generate a Higgs particle , which is close to 125 time the mass of a proton . [ What If You Put Your Hand in the LHC Beam ? ]
But what does the Higgs particle actually do ? How does it , and the Higgs area associated with it , give things mass ?
In physical science , when particles interact with fields , the fundamental interaction must be mediate by a mote . interaction with the electromagnetic ( EM ) field , for exemplar , are liaise by photons , or particles of light . When a negatively buck electron is pulled by the EM field toward a positively charged proton , the negatron experiences the EM field by draw and emitting a constant stream of " virtual photons " — photon that momently pop in and out of existence just for the intention of mediating the particle - field interaction . Furthermore , when the EM field is " excited , " intend its energy is flared up in a sure spot , that flare pass - up is , itself , a photon — a veridical one in that case .
Along the same contrast , the Higgs molecule mediates interactions with the Higgs line of business , and is itself an irritation of the Higgs field . speck are mean to trudge through the Higgs landing field ( thereby take on mass ) by switch over virtual Higgs particle with it . And , the thinking goes , a real Higgs mote open when the discipline becomes excited , flare up with free energy in a sure speckle . detect such a flare - up ( i.e. the speck ) is how physicists can be certain the field itself exists . At the LHC , they managed to whop atoms together intemperately enough to generate , for a fugitive instant , a 125 giga - electron - volt excitation of what was potential the Higgs field . The flare - up had all the trapping of a Higgs boson .
