“You don’t know you’re making history when it’s happening,” said Charity Adams Earley, the trailblazing Army battalion commander. “I just wanted to do my job.”
U.S. ArmyCharity Adams Earley .
Charity Adams Earley was born in a unintegrated United States . This did not finish her from becoming the highest - place female , black officer in the army during World War II . Her mantra : “ I just wanted to do my job . ”
Born Into Jim Crow
When Charity Edna Adams was stand on Dec. 5 , 1918 in Kittrell , North Carolina , the United States was still celebrating its recent victory in theFirst World War .
Despite the jubilance and the hope of the end of war forever , African Americans like Adams had vague chance . The country was still heavily segregated , and racial favouritism was integrated into all aspects of American biography .
But President John Quincy Adams ’ parent hardly accept the system as it stood . Her begetter , Eugene , was an episcopal curate who was liquid in Hebrew and Greek . Her female parent , also named Charity , was a school teacher .
U.S. ArmyCharity Adams Earley.
U.S. ArmyCharity Adams with a fellow member of the WAC .
In one instance , capture in Adams’smemoir , One Woman ’s Army , Eugene cancelled a health indemnity policy he took out for his girl because the policy agent turn down to call her “ Miss ” since she was “ distort . ”
In another example , a vegetable marketer called Adams ’ don “ Uncle , ” a discriminatory terminal figure for black males during thesegregated Jim Crow earned run average . To this Eugene replied , “ Fine . And how is your mother , my sister ? ” This shut the merchant down entirely . Eugene Adams would later become chairperson of the local NAACP chapter in Columbia , South Carolina , where Adams spend most of her puerility .
U.S. ArmyCharity Adams with a fellow member of the WAC.
Charity Adams graduated valedictory speaker of her high schooling class with thoroughgoing attendance ; she was two years younger than most of her schoolmate , as she originate unproblematic school as a second grader . She had entree to scholarships and choose Wilberforce University , a black college in Ohio .
After graduating in 1938 with majors in physics , math , and Latin , and a small in history , she return to South Carolina to teach while she attended graduate school at Ohio State University during the summers .
Joining The WAC
Then the U.S. enteredWorld War II .
Wikimedia CommonsCharity Adams taking her oath as an officer in the U.S. Army .
In 1942 , Adams received a letter stating that the dean of Wilberforce University recommended her for the first class of the Women ’s Army Auxiliary Corps , later known as the Women ’s Army Corps ( WAC ) .
Wikimedia CommonsCharity Adams taking her oath as an officer in the U.S. Army.
She decide that this was an owing opportunity for her with career and leading potential . She employ that June , but when she did n’t receive an immediate reply she forgot about it . She was on a motorbus to Ohio State to go along her graduate studies when she was mobilise to the U.S. Army .
After going through the audience and app unconscious process , she joined the WAC in July , one of only 39 black women in the corps ’ first training course of instruction .
Army Segregation
Although Adams bonded with her fellow enlistee – calamitous and bloodless — on the power train to her station in Iowa ’s Fort Des Moines , in her row , “ the Army soon shattered whatever parsimony we had sense . ”
“ When we left the wad hall we were march two - by - two ’s to the reception center . A young , red - hirsute 2nd lieutenant said , ‘ Will all the colored girls move over on this side . ’ He guide to an isolated group of tail end . There was a moment of stunned silence , for even in the United States of the 40 ’s it did not occur to us that this could happen . The integration of our trip did not cook us for this . What made things uncollectible was that even after the ‘ coloured girls ’ had been pushed to the side , all the repose of the women were yell by name to join a group to be led to their quarters . Why could not the ‘ colored female child ’ be called by name to go to their quarters rather than be isolated by race ? ”
In another instance , Adams was denied a seat in a dining car because of her race . The black server all put down their tray and refused to work . She was sit down .
Wikimedia CommonsCharity Adams leads her troops during World War II.
Wikimedia CommonsCharity Adams leads her troops during World War II .
Adams also was query for her airstream by a colonel and asked to show recognition by system of macrophages who were told to check her out , not believe a calamitous cleaning lady could be an officeholder ( she was one of Fort Des Moines ’ first black officers , and in September 1943 she was promoted to major ) .
Samuel Adams ’ backbone was best exhibit when an Army general inspected her unit . Not all of her personnel were available to line up , as many of them were work and others were slumber . “ I ’m going to air a clean first lieutenant down here to show you how to run this whole , ” he order her , to which Adams replied , “ Over my dead body , sir . ”
U.S. Army.Charity Adams and some of her subordinates.
The full general threatened to woo martial Adams and she countered with a charge that the superior general was violate an Allied directive to forbear from using segregationist speech communication . The general indorse down .
U.S. Army . Charity Adams and some of her subordinates .
Overseas Assignment
At the end of 1944 , Adams pick up her firstoverseas assignmentas the commanding military officer of the first — and only — plurality of black WAC ’s to head to Europe .
Their first stop was Birmingham , England , where she worked and mingled with people of all races . She even date stamp a white British man several time — something that would have been unheard of in the Jim Crow South .
U.S. ArmyCharity Adams with faculty members during World War II .
U.S. ArmyCharity Adams with staff members during World War II.
Adams commanded the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion , leading 850 African American female personnel in Birmingham . This unit was responsible for sorting and delivering months deserving of backlogged mail for some 7 million American scout group in stationed in the European theater .
The monolithic importance of letters from home to soldier ’ esprit de corps can not be understated . The assigning was also tricky since her building block was responsible for censoring mail that might have sensitive warfare information .
Given six months to sort the mail service , Adams separate her battalion into three groups , each designate an eight - hr shift . They worked 24 hours a Clarence Day , seven days a calendar week , and accomplished their task in only three months — half the allotted time .
Wikimedia CommonsCharity Adams inspecting WAC troops of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion
From England the large number actuate to Rouen and Paris , France , where they continued to sort backlogged mail — about 65,000 letters every daytime , by Adams ’ estimation .
Not only did Adams make indisputable American soldier pick up their morale - boosters , she await after the morale of her own personnel office as well .
When she discovered that the Army had n’t set aside funds for beauty equipment for its female officeholder , she went to workplace . “ Solving this problem , ” she after wrote , “ I larn that if you enquire the same motion of enough multitude enough times , you’re able to get the necessary entropy . ” And she baffle what she asked for .
U.S. ArmyA mail unit during World War II.
Wikimedia CommonsCharity Adams audit WAC troops of the 6888th Central Postal Directory Battalion
Post-War Career And Legacy
John Quincy Adams rest with the army after the war ’s end , but prefer to go forth the service shortly after receiving a promotion to deputy colonel . She was the highest - ranking black distaff military officer in the American service . The National Council of Negro Women named her Woman of the Year in 1946 .
U.S. ArmyA ring armour social unit during World War II .
go take back to Ohio State and completed her masters academic degree in vocational psychology . She then served in academia and married Stanley A. Earley , Jr. , a medical student , in 1949 . The pair moved to Zurich , Switzerland for two yr while he finished his studies , and they at long last settled in Dayton , Ohio and had two nipper .
She became a James Byron Dean at Tennessee A&I College and Georgia State College , and serve on the boards of many community organizations . She founded the Black Leadership Development Program in Dayton in 1982 , civilize and discipline African Americans to be leaders in their communities .
For her groundbreaking life history Charity Adams Earley has been recognized by theNational Women ’s History Museumand the Smithsonian National Postal Museum . She passed away on Jan. 13 , 2002 after 83 noteworthy years .
After learning about the highest - ranking African American female officer of World War II , read about theHarlem Hellfighters , the overlooked black hero of World War I. Then crack outsome of the most badass adult female of the Second World War .
